Modules documentation¶
Filters:¶
Triple Moving Average¶
Here we take the average of 3 terms x0, A, B where, x0 = The point to be estimated A = weighted average of n terms previous to x0 B = weighted avreage of n terms ahead of x0 n = window size
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orbitdeterminator.filters.triple_moving_average.
generate_filtered_data
(in_data, window)[source]¶ Apply the filter and generate the filtered data
Parameters: - in_data (string) – numpy array containing the positional data
- window (int) – window size applied into the filter
Returns: the final filtered array
Return type: numpy array
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orbitdeterminator.filters.triple_moving_average.
triple_moving_average
(signal_array, window_size)[source]¶ Apply triple moving average to a signal
Parameters: - signal_array (numpy array) – the array of values on which the filter is to be applied
- window_size (int) – the no. of points before and after x0 which should be considered for calculating A and B
Returns: a filtered array of size same as that of signal_array
Return type: numpy array
Savintzky - Golay¶
Takes a positional data set (time, x, y, z) and applies the Savintzky Golay filter on it based on the polynomial and window parameters we input
Interpolation:¶
Lamberts-Kalman Method¶
Takes a positional data set and produces sets of six keplerian elements using Lambert’s solution for preliminary orbit determination and Kalman filters
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.lamberts_kalman.
check_keplerian
(kep)[source]¶ Checks all the sets of keplerian elements to see if they have wrong values like eccentricity greater that 1 or a negative number for semi major axis
Parameters: kep (numpy array) – all the sets of keplerian elements in [semi major axis (a), eccentricity (e), inclination (i), argument of perigee (ω), right ascension of the ascending node (Ω), true anomaly (v)] format Returns: the final corrected set of keplerian elements that will be inputed in the kalman filter Return type: numpy array
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.lamberts_kalman.
create_kep
(my_data)[source]¶ Computes all the keplerian elements for every point of the orbit you provide using Lambert’s solution It implements a tool for deleting all the points that give extremely jittery state vectors
Parameters: data (numpy array) – contains the positional data set in (Time, x, y, z) Format Returns: array containing all the keplerian elements computed for the orbit given in [semi major axis (a), eccentricity (e), inclination (i), argument of perigee (ω), right ascension of the ascending node (Ω), true anomaly (v)] format Return type: numpy array
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.lamberts_kalman.
kalman
(kep, R)[source]¶ Takes as an input lots of sets of keplerian elements and produces the fitted value of them by applying kalman filters
Parameters: - kep (numpy array) – containing keplerian elements in this format (a, e, i, ω, Ω, v)
- R – estimate of measurement variance
Returns: final set of keplerian elements describing the orbit based on kalman filtering
Return type: numpy array
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.lamberts_kalman.
orbit_trajectory
(x1_new, x2_new, time)[source]¶ Tool for checking if the motion of the sallite is retrogade or counter - clock wise
Parameters: - x1 (numpy array) – time and position for point 1 [time1,x1,y1,z1]
- x2 (numpy array) – time and position for point 2 [time2,x2,y2,z2]
- time (float) – time difference between the 2 points
Returns: true if we want to keep retrograde, False if we want counter-clock wise
Return type:
Gibb’s Method¶
Spline Interpolation¶
Interpolation using splines for calculating velocity at a point and hence the orbital elements
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.interpolation.
compute_velocity
(spline, point)[source]¶ Calculate the derivative of spline at the point(on the points the given spline corresponds to). This gives the velocity at that point.
Parameters: - spline (list) – component wise cubic splines of orbit data points of the format [spline_x, spline_y, spline_z].
- point (numpy array) – point at which velocity is to be calculated.
Returns: velocity vector at the given point
Return type: numpy array
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.interpolation.
cubic_spline
(orbit_data)[source]¶ Compute component wise cubic spline of points of input data
Parameters: - orbit_data (numpy array) – array of orbit data points of the
- [time, x, y, z] (format) –
Returns: component wise cubic splines of orbit data points of the format [spline_x, spline_y, spline_z]
Return type:
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.interpolation.
main
(data_points)[source]¶ Apply the whole process of interpolation for keplerian element computation
Parameters: data_points (numpy array) – positional data set in format of (time, x, y, z) Returns: computed keplerian elements for every point of the orbit Return type: numpy array
Ellipse Fit¶
Finds out the ellipse that best fits to a set of data points and calculates its keplerian elements.
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.ellipse_fit.
determine_kep
(data)[source]¶ Determines keplerian elements that fit a set of points.
Parameters: data (nx3 numpy array) – A numpy array of points in the format [x y z]. Returns: (kep,res) - The keplerian elements and the residuals as a tuple. kep: 1x6 numpy array res: nx3 numpy array For the keplerian elements: kep[0] - semi-major axis (in whatever units the data was provided in) kep[1] - eccentricity kep[2] - inclination (in degrees) kep[3] - argument of periapsis (in degrees) kep[4] - right ascension of ascending node (in degrees) kep[5] - true anomaly of the first row in the data (in degrees)
For the residuals: (in whatever units the data was provided in) res[0] - residuals in x axis res[1] - residuals in y axis res[2] - residuals in z axis
Gauss method¶
Implements Gauss’ method for three topocentric right ascension and declination measurements of celestial bodies. Supports both Earth-centered and Sun-centered orbits.
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
alpha
(x, y, z, u, v, w, mu)[source]¶ Compute the inverse of the semimajor axis.
Parameters: Returns: alpha = 1/a
Return type:
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
angle_diff_rad
(a1, a2)[source]¶ Computes signed difference between two angles. Input angles are assumed to be in radians. Result is returned in radians. Code adapted from https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Angle_difference_between_two_bearings#Python.
- Args:
- a1 (float): angle 1 in radians a2 (float): angle 2 in radians
- Returns:
- r (float): shortest signed difference in radians
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
argperi
(x, y, z, u, v, w, mu)[source]¶ Compute the argument of pericenter.
Parameters: Returns: argument of pericenter
Return type:
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
earth_ephemeris
(t_tdb)[source]¶ Compute heliocentric position of Earth at Julian date t_tdb (TDB, days), according to SPK kernel defined by astropy.coordinates.solar_system_ephemeris.
- Args:
- t_tdb (float): TDB instant of requested position
- Returns:
- (1x3 array): cartesian position in km
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
eccentricity
(x, y, z, u, v, w, mu)[source]¶ Compute value of eccentricity, e.
Parameters: Returns: eccentricity, e
Return type:
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
gauss_estimate_mpc
(mpc_object_data, mpc_observatories_data, inds, r2_root_ind=0)[source]¶ Gauss method implementation for MPC Near-Earth asteroids ra/dec tracking data.
Parameters: - mpc_object_data (string) – path to MPC-formatted observation data file
- mpc_observatories_data (string) – path to MPC observation sites data file
- inds (1x3 int array) – indices of requested data
- r2_root_ind (int) – index of selected Gauss polynomial root
Returns: updated position at first observation r2 (1x3 array): updated position at second observation r3 (1x3 array): updated position at third observation v2 (1x3 array): updated velocity at second observation D (3x3 array): auxiliary matrix R (1x3 array): three observer position vectors rho1 (1x3 array): LOS vector at first observation rho2 (1x3 array): LOS vector at second observation rho3 (1x3 array): LOS vector at third observation tau1 (float): time interval from second to first observation tau3 (float): time interval from second to third observation f1 (float): Lagrange’s f function value at first observation g1 (float): Lagrange’s g function value at first observation f3 (float): Lagrange’s f function value at third observation g3 (float): Lagrange’s g function value at third observation Ea_hc_pos (1x3 array): cartesian position vectors (Earth wrt Sun) rho_1_sr (float): slant range at first observation rho_2_sr (float): slant range at second observation rho_3_sr (float): slant range at third observation obs_t (1x3 array): three times of observations
Return type: r1 (1x3 array)
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
gauss_estimate_sat
(iod_object_data, sat_observatories_data, inds, r2_root_ind=0)[source]¶ Gauss method implementation for Earth-orbiting satellites ra/dec tracking data. Assumes observation data uses IOD format, with angle subformat 2.
- Args:
- iod_object_data (string): file path to sat tracking observation data of object sat_observatories_data (string): path to file containing COSPAR satellite tracking stations data. inds (1x3 int array): line numbers in data file to be processed r2_root_ind (int): index of selected Gauss polynomial root
- Returns:
- r1 (1x3 array): updated position at first observation r2 (1x3 array): updated position at second observation r3 (1x3 array): updated position at third observation v2 (1x3 array): updated velocity at second observation D (3x3 array): auxiliary matrix R (1x3 array): three observer position vectors rho1 (1x3 array): LOS vector at first observation rho2 (1x3 array): LOS vector at second observation rho3 (1x3 array): LOS vector at third observation tau1 (float): time interval from second to first observation tau3 (float): time interval from second to third observation f1 (float): Lagrange’s f function value at first observation g1 (float): Lagrange’s g function value at first observation f3 (float): Lagrange’s f function value at third observation g3 (float): Lagrange’s g function value at third observation rho_1_sr (float): slant range at first observation rho_2_sr (float): slant range at second observation rho_3_sr (float): slant range at third observation obs_t_jd (1x3 array): three Julian dates of observations
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
gauss_iterator_mpc
(mpc_object_data, mpc_observatories_data, inds, refiters=0, r2_root_ind=0)[source]¶ Gauss method iterator for minor planets ra/dec tracking data. Computes a first estimate of the orbit using gauss_estimate_sat function, and then refines this estimate using gauss_refinement. Assumes observation data file follows MPC format.
- Args:
- mpc_object_data (string): path to MPC-formatted observation data file mpc_observatories_data (string): path to MPC observation sites data file inds (1x3 int array): line numbers in data file to be processed refiters (int): number of refinement iterations to be performed r2_root_ind (int): index of selected Gauss polynomial root
- Returns:
- r1 (1x3 array): updated position at first observation r2 (1x3 array): updated position at second observation r3 (1x3 array): updated position at third observation v2 (1x3 array): updated velocity at second observation R (1x3 array): three observer position vectors rho1 (1x3 array): LOS vector at first observation rho2 (1x3 array): LOS vector at second observation rho3 (1x3 array): LOS vector at third observation rho_1_sr (float): slant range at first observation rho_2_sr (float): slant range at second observation rho_3_sr (float): slant range at third observation Ea_hc_pos (1x3 array): cartesian position vectors (Earth wrt Sun) obs_t (1x3 array): times of observations
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
gauss_iterator_sat
(iod_object_data, sat_observatories_data, inds, refiters=0, r2_root_ind=0)[source]¶ Gauss method iterator for Earth-orbiting satellites ra/dec tracking data. Computes a first estimate of the orbit using gauss_estimate_sat function, and then refines this estimate using gauss_refinement. Assumes observation data file is IOD-formatted, with angle subformat 2.
- Args:
- iod_object_data (string): file path to sat tracking observation data of object sat_observatories_data (string): path to file containing COSPAR satellite tracking stations data. inds (1x3 int array): line numbers in data file to be processed refiters (int): number of refinement iterations to be performed r2_root_ind (int): index of selected Gauss polynomial root
- Returns:
- r1 (1x3 array): updated position at first observation r2 (1x3 array): updated position at second observation r3 (1x3 array): updated position at third observation v2 (1x3 array): updated velocity at second observation R (1x3 array): three observer position vectors rho1 (1x3 array): LOS vector at first observation rho2 (1x3 array): LOS vector at second observation rho3 (1x3 array): LOS vector at third observation rho_1_sr (float): slant range at first observation rho_2_sr (float): slant range at second observation rho_3_sr (float): slant range at third observation obs_t (1x3 array): times of observations
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
gauss_method_core
(obs_radec, obs_t, R, mu, r2_root_ind=0)[source]¶ Perform core Gauss method.
Parameters: Returns: estimated position at first observation r2 (1x3 array): estimated position at second observation r3 (1x3 array): estimated position at third observation v2 (1x3 array): estimated velocity at second observation D (3x3 array): auxiliary matrix rho1 (1x3 array): LOS vector at first observation rho2 (1x3 array): LOS vector at second observation rho3 (1x3 array): LOS vector at third observation tau1 (float): time interval from second to first observation tau3 (float): time interval from second to third observation f1 (float): estimated Lagrange’s f function value at first observation g1 (float): estimated Lagrange’s g function value at first observation f3 (float): estimated Lagrange’s f function value at third observation g3 (float): estimated Lagrange’s g function value at third observation rho_1_sr (float): estimated slant range at first observation rho_2_sr (float): estimated slant range at second observation rho_3_sr (float): estimated slant range at third observation
Return type: r1 (1x3 array)
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
gauss_method_mpc
(filename, bodyname, obs_arr=None, r2_root_ind_vec=None, refiters=0, plot=True)[source]¶ Gauss method high-level function for minor planets (asteroids, comets, etc.) orbit determination from MPC-formatted ra/dec tracking data. Roots of 8-th order Gauss polynomial are computed using np.roots function. Note that if r2_root_ind_vec is not specified by the user, then the first positive root returned by np.roots is used by default.
- Args:
- filename (string): path to MPC-formatted observation data file bodyname (string): user-defined name of minor planet obs_arr (int vector): line numbers in data file to be processed refiters (int): number of refinement iterations to be performed r2_root_ind_vec (1xlen(obs_arr) int array): indices of Gauss polynomial roots. plot (bool): if True, plots data.
- Returns:
- x (tuple): set of Keplerian orbital elements {(a, e, taup, omega, I, omega, T),t_vec[-1]}
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
gauss_method_sat
(filename, obs_arr=None, bodyname=None, r2_root_ind_vec=None, refiters=0, plot=True)[source]¶ Gauss method high-level function for orbit determination of Earth satellites from IOD-formatted ra/dec tracking data. IOD angle subformat 2 is assumed. Roots of 8-th order Gauss polynomial are computed using np.roots function. Note that if r2_root_ind_vec is not specified by the user, then the first positive root returned by np.roots is used by default.
- Args:
- filename (string): path to IOD-formatted observation data file obs_arr (int vector): line numbers in data file to be processed bodyname (string): user-defined name of satellite refiters (int): number of refinement iterations to be performed r2_root_ind_vec (1xlen(obs_arr) int array): indices of Gauss polynomial roots. plot (bool): if True, plots data.
- Returns:
- x (tuple): set of Keplerian orbital elements (a, e, taup, omega, I, omega, T)
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
gauss_method_sat_passes
(filename, obs_arr=None, bodyname=None, r2_root_ind_vec=None, refiters=10, plot=False)[source]¶ Gauss method high-level function for orbit determination of Earth satellites from IOD-formatted ra/dec tracking data. Roots of 8-th order Gauss polynomial are computed using np.roots function. Note that if r2_root_ind_vec is not specified by the user, then the first positive root returned by np.roots is used by default.
- Args:
- filename (string): path to IOD-formatted observation data file obs_arr (int vector): line numbers in data file to be processed bodyname (string): user-defined name of satellite refiters (int): number of refinement iterations to be performed r2_root_ind_vec (1xlen(obs_arr) int array): indices of Gauss polynomial roots. plot (bool): if True, plots data.
- Returns:
- x (tuple): set of Keplerian orbital elements {(a, e, taup, omega, I, omega, T),t_vec[-1]}
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
gauss_refinement
(mu, tau1, tau3, r2, v2, atol, D, R, rho1, rho2, rho3, f_1, g_1, f_3, g_3)[source]¶ Perform refinement of Gauss method.
Parameters: - mu (float) – gravitational parameter of center of attraction
- tau1 (float) – time interval from second to first observation
- tau3 (float) – time interval from second to third observation
- r2 (1x3 array) – estimated position at second observation
- v2 (1x3 array) – estimated velocity at second observation
- atol (float) – absolute tolerance of universal Kepler anomaly computation
- D (3x3 array) – auxiliary matrix
- R (1x3 array) – three observer position vectors
- rho1 (1x3 array) – LOS vector at first observation
- rho2 (1x3 array) – LOS vector at second observation
- rho3 (1x3 array) – LOS vector at third observation
- f_1 (float) – estimated Lagrange’s f function value at first observation
- g_1 (float) – estimated Lagrange’s g function value at first observation
- f_3 (float) – estimated Lagrange’s f function value at third observation
- g_3 (float) – estimated Lagrange’s g function value at third observation
Returns: updated position at first observation r2 (1x3 array): updated position at second observation r3 (1x3 array): updated position at third observation v2 (1x3 array): updated velocity at second observation rho_1_sr (float): updated slant range at first observation rho_2_sr (float): updated slant range at second observation rho_3_sr (float): updated slant range at third observation f_1_new (float): updated Lagrange’s f function value at first observation g_1_new (float): updated Lagrange’s g function value at first observation f_3_new (float): updated Lagrange’s f function value at third observation g_3_new (float): updated Lagrange’s g function value at third observation
Return type: r1 (1x3 array)
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
get_observations_data
(mpc_object_data, inds)[source]¶ Extract three ra/dec observations from MPC observation data file.
Parameters: - mpc_object_data (string) – file path to MPC observation data of object
- inds (int array) – indices of requested data
Returns: ra/dec observation data obs_t (1x3 Time array): time observation data site_codes (1x3 int array): corresponding codes of observation sites
Return type: obs_radec (1x3 SkyCoord array)
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
get_observations_data_sat
(iod_object_data, inds)[source]¶ Extract three ra/dec observations from IOD observation data file.
Parameters: - iod_object_data (string) – file path to sat tracking observation data of object
- inds (int array) – indices of requested data
Returns: ra/dec observation data obs_t (1x3 Time array): time observation data site_codes (1x3 int array): corresponding codes of observation sites
Return type: obs_radec (1x3 SkyCoord array)
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
get_observatory_data
(observatory_code, mpc_observatories_data)[source]¶ Load individual data of MPC observatory corresponding to given observatory code.
Parameters: - observatory_code (int) – MPC observatory code.
- mpc_observatories_data (string) – path to file containing MPC observatories data.
Returns: observatory data corresponding to code.
Return type: ndarray
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
get_observer_pos_wrt_earth
(sat_observatories_data, obs_radec, site_codes)[source]¶ Compute position of observer at Earth’s surface, with respect to the Earth, in equatorial frame, during 3 distinct instants.
- Args:
- sat_observatories_data (string): path to file containing COSPAR satellite tracking stations data. obs_radec (1x3 SkyCoord array): three rad/dec observations site_codes (1x3 int array): COSPAR codes of observation sites
- Returns:
- R (1x3 array): cartesian position vectors (observer wrt Earth)
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
get_observer_pos_wrt_sun
(mpc_observatories_data, obs_radec, site_codes)[source]¶ Compute position of observer at Earth’s surface, with respect to the Sun, in equatorial frame, during 3 distinct instants.
- Args:
- mpc_observatories_data (string): path to file containing MPC observatories data. obs_radec (1x3 SkyCoord array): three rad/dec observations site_codes (1x3 int array): MPC codes of observation sites
- Returns:
- R (1x3 array): cartesian position vectors (observer wrt Sun) Ea_hc_pos (1x3 array): cartesian position vectors (Earth wrt Sun)
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
get_time_of_observation
(year, month, day, hour, minute, second, msecond)[source]¶ creates time variable
Parameters: - year –
- month –
- day –
- hour –
- minute –
- second –
- msecond –
Returns:
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
inclination
(x, y, z, u, v, w)[source]¶ Compute value of inclination, I.
Parameters: Returns: inclination, I
Return type:
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
kep_h_norm
(x, y, z, u, v, w)[source]¶ Compute norm of specific angular momentum vector h.
Parameters: Returns: norm of specific angular momentum vector, h.
Return type:
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
kep_h_vec
(x, y, z, u, v, w)[source]¶ Compute specific angular momentum vector h.
Parameters: Returns: specific angular momentum vector, h.
Return type:
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
lagrangef
(mu, r2, tau)[source]¶ Compute 1st order approximation to Lagrange’s f function.
Parameters: Returns: Lagrange’s f function value
Return type:
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
lagrangef_
(xi, z, r)[source]¶ Compute current value of Lagrange’s f function.
Parameters: Returns: Lagrange’s f function value
Return type:
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
lagrangeg
(mu, r2, tau)[source]¶ Compute 1st order approximation to Lagrange’s g function.
Parameters: Returns: Lagrange’s g function value
Return type:
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
lagrangeg_
(tau, xi, z, mu)[source]¶ Compute current value of Lagrange’s g function.
Parameters: Returns: Lagrange’s g function value
Return type:
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
load_mpc_data
(fname)[source]¶ Loads minor planet position observation data from MPC-formatted files. MPC format for minor planet observations is described at https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/info/OpticalObs.html TODO: Add support for comets and natural satellites. Add support for radar observations: https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/info/RadarObs.html See also NOTE 2 in: https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/info/OpticalObs.html
Parameters: fname (string) – name of the MPC-formatted text file to be parsed Returns: array of minor planet position observations following the MPC format. Return type: x (ndarray)
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
load_mpc_observatories_data
(mpc_observatories_fname)[source]¶ Load Minor Planet Center observatories data using numpy’s genfromtxt function.
Parameters: mpc_observatories_fname (str) – file name with MPC observatories data. Returns: data read from the text file (output from numpy.genfromtxt) Return type: ndarray
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
longascnode
(x, y, z, u, v, w)[source]¶ Compute value of longitude of ascending node, computed as the angle between x-axis and the vector n = (-hy,hx,0), where hx, hy, are respectively, the x and y components of specific angular momentum vector, h.
- Args:
- x (float): x-component of position y (float): y-component of position z (float): z-component of position u (float): x-component of velocity v (float): y-component of velocity w (float): z-component of velocity
- Returns:
- float: longitude of ascending node
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
losvector
(ra_rad, dec_rad)[source]¶ Compute line-of-sight (LOS) vector for given values of right ascension and declination. Both angles must be provided in radians.
- Args:
- ra_rad (float): right ascension (rad) dec_rad (float): declination (rad)
- Returns:
- 1x3 numpy array: cartesian components of LOS vector.
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
object_wrt_sun
(t_utc, a, e, taup, omega, I, Omega)[source]¶ Compute position of celestial object with respect to the Sun, in equatorial frame.
Parameters: Returns: cartesian vector
Return type: (1x3 array)
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
observer_wrt_sun
(long, parallax_s, parallax_c, t_utc)[source]¶ Compute position of observer at Earth’s surface, with respect to the Sun, in equatorial frame.
- Args:
- long (float): longitude of observing site parallax_s (float): parallax constant S of observing site parallax_c (float): parallax constant C of observing site t_utc (Time): UTC time of observation
- Returns:
- (1x3 array): cartesian vector
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
observerpos_mpc
(long, parallax_s, parallax_c, t_utc)[source]¶ Compute geocentric observer position at UTC instant t_utc, for Sun-centered orbits, at a given observation site defined by its longitude, and parallax constants S and C. Formula taken from top of page 266, chapter 5, Orbital Mechanics book (Curtis). The parallax constants S and C are defined by: S=rho cos phi’ C=rho sin phi’, where rho: slant range phi’: geocentric latitude
- Args:
- long (float): longitude of observing site parallax_s (float): parallax constant S of observing site parallax_c (float): parallax constant C of observing site t_utc (astropy.time.Time): UTC time of observation
- Returns:
- 1x3 numpy array: cartesian components of observer’s geocentric position
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
observerpos_sat
(lat, long, elev, t_utc)[source]¶ Compute geocentric observer position at UTC instant t_utc, for Earth-centered orbits, at a given observation site defined by its longitude, geodetic latitude and elevation above reference ellipsoid. Formula taken from bottom of page 265 (Eq. 5.56), chapter 5, Orbital Mechanics book (Curtis).
- Args:
- lat (float): geodetic latitude (deg) long (float): longitude (deg) elev (float): elevation above reference ellipsoid (m) t_utc (astropy.time.Time): UTC time of observation
- Returns:
- 1x3 numpy array: cartesian components of observer’s geocentric position
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orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
radec_obs_vec_mpc
(inds, mpc_object_data)[source]¶ Compute vector of observed ra,dec values for MPC tracking data.
Parameters: - inds (int array) – line numbers of data in file
- mpc_object_data (ndarray) – MPC observation data for object
Returns: vector of ra/dec observed values
Return type: rov (1xlen(inds) array)
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
radec_obs_vec_sat
(inds, iod_object_data)[source]¶ Compute vector of observed ra,dec values for satellite tracking data (IOD-formatted).
Parameters: - inds (int array) – line numbers of data in file
- iod_object_data (ndarray) – observation data
Returns: vector of ra/dec observed values
Return type: rov (1xlen(inds) array)
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
radec_res_vec_rov_mpc
(x, inds, mpc_object_data, mpc_observatories_data, rov)[source]¶ Compute vector of observed minus computed (O-C) residuals for ra/dec MPC-formatted observations of minor planets (asteroids, comets, etc.), with pre-computed observed radec values vector. Assumes ra/dec observed values vector is contained in rov, and they are stored as rov = [ra1, dec1, ra2, dec2, …].
- Args:
- x (1x6 float array): set of orbital elements (a, e, taup, omega, I, Omega) inds (int array): line numbers of data in file mpc_object_data (ndarray): observation data mpc_observatories_data (ndarray): MPC observatories data rov (1xlen(inds) float-like array): vector of observed ra/dec values
- Returns:
- rv (1xlen(inds) array): vector of ra/dec (O-C) residuals.
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
radec_res_vec_rov_sat
(x, inds, iod_object_data, sat_observatories_data, rov)[source]¶ Compute vector of observed minus computed (O-C) residuals for ra/dec Earth-orbiting satellite observations with pre-computed observed radec values vector. Assumes ra/dec observed values vector is contained in rov, and they are stored as rov = [ra1, dec1, ra2, dec2, …].
- Args:
- x (1x6 float array): set of orbital elements (a, e, taup, omega, I, Omega) inds (int array): line numbers of data in file iod_object_data (ndarray): observation data sat_observatories_data (ndarray): satellite tracking stations data rov (1xlen(inds) float-like array): vector of observed ra/dec values
- Returns:
- rv (1xlen(inds) array): vector of ra/dec (O-C) residuals.
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
radec_residual_mpc
(x, t_ra_dec_datapoint, long, parallax_s, parallax_c)[source]¶ Compute observed minus computed (O-C) residual for a given ra/dec datapoint, represented as a SkyCoord object, for MPC observation data.
- Args:
- x (1x6 array): set of Keplerian elements t_ra_dec_datapoint (SkyCoord): ra/dec datapoint long (float): longitude of observing site parallax_s (float): parallax constant S of observing site parallax_c (float): parallax constant C of observing site
- Returns:
- (1x2 array): right ascension difference, declination difference
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
radec_residual_rov_mpc
(x, t, ra_obs_rad, dec_obs_rad, long, parallax_s, parallax_c)[source]¶ Compute right ascension and declination observed minus computed (O-C) residual, using precomputed vector of observed ra/dec values, for MPC observation data.
- Args:
- x (1x6 array): set of Keplerian elements t (Time): time of observation ra_obs_rad (float): observed right ascension (rad) dec_obs_rad (float): observed declination (rad) long (float): longitude of observing site parallax_s (float): parallax constant S of observing site parallax_c (float): parallax constant C of observing site
- Returns:
- (1x2 array): right ascension difference, declination difference
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
rho_vec
(long, parallax_s, parallax_c, t_utc, a, e, taup, omega, I, Omega)[source]¶ Compute slant range vector.
Parameters: - long (float) – longitude of observing site
- parallax_s (float) – parallax constant S of observing site
- parallax_c (float) – parallax constant C of observing site
- t_utc (Time) – UTC time of observation
- a (float) – semimajor axis
- e (float) – eccentricity
- taup (float) – time of pericenter passage
- omega (float) – argument of pericenter
- I (float) – inclination
- Omega (float) – longitude of ascending node
Returns: cartesian vector
Return type: (1x3 array)
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
rhovec2radec
(long, parallax_s, parallax_c, t_utc, a, e, taup, omega, I, Omega)[source]¶ Transform slant range vector to ra/dec values.
Parameters: - long (float) – longitude of observing site
- parallax_s (float) – parallax constant S of observing site
- parallax_c (float) – parallax constant C of observing site
- t_utc (Time) – UTC time of observation
- a (float) – semimajor axis
- e (float) – eccentricity
- taup (float) – time of pericenter passage
- omega (float) – argument of pericenter
- I (float) – inclination
- Omega (float) – longitude of ascending node
Returns: right ascension (rad) dec_rad (float): declination (rad)
Return type: ra_rad (float)
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
rungelenz
(x, y, z, u, v, w, mu)[source]¶ Compute the cartesian components of Laplace-Runge-Lenz vector.
Parameters: Returns: Laplace-Runge-Lenz vector
Return type:
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
semimajoraxis
(x, y, z, u, v, w, mu)[source]¶ Compute value of semimajor axis, a.
Parameters: Returns: semimajor axis, a
Return type:
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
t_radec_res_vec_mpc
(x, inds, mpc_object_data, mpc_observatories_data)[source]¶ Compute vector of observed minus computed (O-C) residuals for ra/dec MPC-formatted observations of minor planets (asteroids, comets, etc.), with pre-computed observed radec values vector. Assumes ra/dec observed values vector is contained in rov, and they are stored as rov = [ra1, dec1, ra2, dec2, …].
- Args:
- x (1x6 float array): set of orbital elements (a, e, taup, omega, I, Omega) inds (int array): line numbers of data in file mpc_object_data (ndarray): observation data mpc_observatories_data (ndarray): MPC observatories data rov (1xlen(inds) float-like array): vector of observed ra/dec values
- Returns:
- rv (1xlen(inds) array): vector of ra/dec (O-C) residuals. tv (1xlen(inds) array): vector of observation times.
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
t_radec_res_vec_sat
(x, inds, iod_object_data, sat_observatories_data, rov)[source]¶ Compute vector of observed minus computed (O-C) residuals for ra/dec Earth-orbiting satellite observations with pre-computed observed radec values vector. Assumes ra/dec observed values vector is contained in rov, and they are stored as rov = [ra1, dec1, ra2, dec2, …].
- Args:
- x (1x6 float array): set of orbital elements (a, e, taup, omega, I, Omega) inds (int array): line numbers of data in file iod_object_data (ndarray): observation data sat_observatories_data (ndarray): satellite tracking stations data rov (1xlen(inds) float-like array): vector of observed ra/dec values
- Returns:
- rv (1xlen(inds) array): vector of ra/dec (O-C) residuals. tv (1xlen(inds) array): vector of observation times.
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
taupericenter
(t, e, f, n)[source]¶ Compute the time of pericenter passage.
Parameters: Returns: time of pericenter passage
Return type:
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
trueanomaly5
(x, y, z, u, v, w, mu)[source]¶ Compute the true anomaly from cartesian state.
Parameters: Returns: true anomaly
Return type:
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.gauss_method.
univkepler
(dt, x, y, z, u, v, w, mu, iters=5, atol=1e-15)[source]¶ Compute the current value of the universal Kepler anomaly, xi.
Parameters: - dt (float) – time interval
- x (float) – x-component of position
- y (float) – y-component of position
- z (float) – z-component of position
- u (float) – x-component of velocity
- v (float) – y-component of velocity
- w (float) – z-component of velocity
- mu (float) – gravitational parameter
- iters (int) – number of iterations of Newton-Raphson process
- atol (float) – absolute tolerance of Newton-Raphson process
Returns: alpha = 1/a
Return type:
Least squares¶
Computes the least-squares optimal Keplerian elements for a sequence of cartesian position observations.
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.least_squares.
gauss_LS_mpc
(filename, bodyname, obs_arr, r2_root_ind_vec=None, obs_arr_ls=None, gaussiters=0, plot=True)[source]¶ Minor planets orbit determination high-level function from MPC-formatted ra/dec tracking data. Preliminary orbit determination via Gauss method is performed. Roots of 8-th order Gauss polynomial are computed using np.roots function. Note that if r2_root_ind_vec is not specified by the user, then the first positive root returned by np.roots is used by default.
- Args:
- filename (string): path to MPC-formatted observation data file bodyname (string): user-defined name of minor planet obs_arr (int vector): line numbers in data file to be processed in Gauss preliminary orbit determination r2_root_ind_vec (1xlen(obs_arr) int array): indices of Gauss polynomial roots. obs_arr (int vector): line numbers in data file to be processed in least-squares fit gaussiters (int): number of refinement iterations to be performed plot (bool): if True, plots data.
- Returns:
- x (tuple): set of Keplerian orbital elements (a, e, taup, omega, I, omega, T)
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.least_squares.
gauss_LS_sat
(filename, bodyname, obs_arr, r2_root_ind_vec=None, obs_arr_ls=None, gaussiters=0, plot=True)[source]¶ Earth satellites orbit determination high-level function from IOD-formatted ra/dec tracking data. IOD angle subformat 2 is assumed. Preliminary orbit determination via Gauss method is performed. Roots of 8-th order Gauss polynomial are computed using np.roots function. Note that if r2_root_ind_vec is not specified by the user, then the first positive root returned by np.roots is used by default.
- Args:
- filename (string): path to IOD-formatted observation data file bodyname (string): user-defined name of satellite obs_arr (int vector): line numbers in data file to be processed in Gauss preliminary orbit determination r2_root_ind_vec (1xlen(obs_arr) int array): indices of Gauss polynomial roots. obs_arr (int vector): line numbers in data file to be processed in least-squares fit gaussiters (int): number of refinement iterations to be performed plot (bool): if True, plots data.
- Returns:
- x (tuple): set of Keplerian orbital elements (a, e, taup, omega, I, omega, T)
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.least_squares.
get_weights
(resid)[source]¶ This function calculates the weights per (x,y,z) by using the inverse of the squared residuals divided by the total sum of the inverse of the squared residuals.
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.least_squares.
radec_res_vec_rov_mpc_w
(x, inds, mpc_object_data, mpc_observatories_data, rov, weights)[source]¶ Compute vector of observed minus computed weighted (O-C) residuals for ra/dec MPC-formatted observations of minor planets (asteroids, comets, etc.), with pre-computed observed radec values vector. Assumes ra/dec observed values vector is contained in rov, and they are stored as rov = [ra1, dec1, ra2, dec2, …].
- Args:
- x (1x6 float array): set of orbital elements (a, e, taup, omega, I, Omega) inds (int array): line numbers of data in file mpc_object_data (ndarray): observation data mpc_observatories_data (ndarray): MPC observatories data rov (1xlen(inds) float-like array): vector of observed ra/dec values
- Returns:
- rv (1xlen(inds) array): vector of ra/dec (O-C) residuals.
-
orbitdeterminator.kep_determination.least_squares.
radec_res_vec_rov_sat_w
(x, inds, iod_object_data, sat_observatories_data, rov, weights)[source]¶ Compute vector of observed minus computed (O-C) weighted residuals for ra/dec Earth-orbiting satellite observations with pre-computed observed radec values vector. Assumes ra/dec observed values vector is contained in rov, and they are stored as rov = [ra1, dec1, ra2, dec2, …].
- Args:
- x (1x6 float array): set of orbital elements (a, e, taup, omega, I, Omega) inds (int array): line numbers of data in file iod_object_data (ndarray): observation data sat_observatories_data (ndarray): satellite tracking stations data rov (1xlen(inds) float-like array): vector of observed ra/dec values
- Returns:
- rv (1xlen(inds) array): vector of ra/dec weighted (O-C) residuals.
Propagation:¶
Propagation Model¶
-
class
orbitdeterminator.propagation.sgp4.
SGP4
[source]¶ -
-
compute_necessary_kep
(kep, b_star=2.1109e-05)[source]¶ Initializes the necessary class variables using keplerian elements which are needed in the computation of the propagation model.
Parameters: Returns: NIL
-
compute_necessary_tle
(line1, line2)[source]¶ Initializes the necessary class variables using TLE which are needed in the computation of the propagation model.
Parameters: Returns: NIL
-
propagate
(t1, t2)[source]¶ Invokes the function to compute state vectors and organises the final result.
The function first checks if compute_necessary_xxx() is called or not if not then a custom exception is raised stating that call this function first. Then it computes the state vector for the next 8 hours (28800 seconds in 8 hours) at every time epoch (28800 time epcohs) using the sgp4 propagation model. The values of state vector is formatted upto five decimal points and then all the state vectors got appended in a list which stores the final output.
Parameters: Returns: vector containing all state vectors
Return type: numpy.ndarray
-
propagation_model
(tsince)[source]¶ From the time epoch and information from TLE, applies SGP4 on it.
The function applies the Simplified General Perturbations algorithm SGP4 on the information extracted from the TLE at the given time epoch ‘tsince’ and computes the state vector from it.
Parameters: tsince (int) – time epoch Returns: position and velocity vector Return type: tuple
-
classmethod
recover_tle
(pos, vel)[source]¶ Recovers TLE back from state vector.
First of all, only necessary information (which are inclination, right ascension of the ascending node, eccentricity, argument of perigee, mean anomaly, mean motion and bstar) that are needed in the computation of SGP4 propagation model are recovered. It is using a general format of TLE. State vectors are used to find orbital elements which are then inserted into the TLE format at their respective positions. Mean motion and bstar is calculated separately as it is not a part of orbital elements. Format of TLE: x denotes that there is a digit, c denotes a character value, underscore(_) denotes a plus/minus(+/-) sign value and period(.) denotes a decimal point.
Parameters: Returns: line1 and line2 of TLE
Return type:
-
Cowell Method¶
Numerical orbit propagator based on RK4. Takes into account J2 and drag perturbations.
-
orbitdeterminator.propagation.cowell.
drag
(s)[source]¶ Returns the drag acceleration for a given state.
Parameters: s (1x6 numpy array) – the state vector [rx,ry,rz,vx,vy,vz] Returns: the drag acceleration [ax,ay,az] Return type: 1x3 numpy array
-
orbitdeterminator.propagation.cowell.
j2_pert
(s)[source]¶ Returns the J2 acceleration for a given state.
Parameters: s (1x6 numpy array) – the state vector [rx,ry,rz,vx,vy,vz] Returns: the J2 acceleration [ax,ay,az] Return type: 1x3 numpy array
-
orbitdeterminator.propagation.cowell.
propagate_state
(s, t0, tf)[source]¶ Equivalent to the rk4 function.
-
orbitdeterminator.propagation.cowell.
rk4
(s, t0, tf, h=30)[source]¶ Runge-Kutta 4th Order Numerical Integrator
- Args:
- s(1x6 numpy array): the state vector [rx,ry,rz,vx,vy,vz] t0(float) : initial time tf(float) : final time h(float) : step-size
Returns: the state at time tf Return type: 1x6 numpy array
-
orbitdeterminator.propagation.cowell.
rkf45
(s, t0, tf, h=10, tol=1e-06)[source]¶ Runge-Kutta Fehlberg 4(5) Numerical Integrator
- Args:
- s(1x6 numpy array): the state vector [rx,ry,rz,vx,vy,vz] t0(float) : initial time tf(float) : final time h(float) : step-size tol(float) : tolerance of error
Returns: the state at time tf Return type: 1x6 numpy array
Simulator¶
-
class
orbitdeterminator.propagation.simulator.
Simulator
(params)[source]¶ A class for the simulator.
-
__init__
(params)[source]¶ Initializes the simulator.
Parameters: params – A SimParams object containing kep,t0,t,period,speed, and op_writer Returns: nothing
-
calc
()[source]¶ Calculates the satellite state at current time and calls itself after a certain amount of time.
-
-
class
orbitdeterminator.propagation.simulator.
SimParams
[source]¶ SimParams class. This is just a container for all the parameters required to start the simulation.
kep(1x6 numpy array): the intial osculating keplerian elements epoch(float): the epoch of the above kep period(float): maximum time period between observations t0(float): starting time of the simulation speed(float): speed of the simulation op_writer(OpWriter): output handling object
-
class
orbitdeterminator.propagation.simulator.
OpWriter
[source]¶ Base output writer class. Inherit this class and override the methods.
-
close
()[source]¶ Anything that has to be executed after finishing writing the output. Runs once.
Example: Closing connection to a database
-
-
class
orbitdeterminator.propagation.simulator.
print_r
[source]¶ Bases:
orbitdeterminator.propagation.simulator.OpWriter
Prints the position vector
-
class
orbitdeterminator.propagation.simulator.
save_r
(name)[source]¶ Bases:
orbitdeterminator.propagation.simulator.OpWriter
Saves the position vector to a file
DGSN Simulator¶
Kalman Filter¶
sgp4_prop¶
SGP4 propagator. This is a wrapper around the PyPI SGP4 propagator. However, this does not generate an artificial TLE. So there is no string manipulation involved. Hence this is faster than sgp4_prop_string.
-
orbitdeterminator.propagation.sgp4_prop.
kep_to_sat
(kep, epoch, bstar=0.21109E-4, whichconst=wgs72, afspc_mode=False)[source]¶ Converts a set of keplerian elements into a Satellite object.
- Args:
- kep(1x6 numpy array): the osculating keplerian elements at epoch epoch(float): the epoch bstar(float): bstar drag coefficient whichconst(float): gravity model. refer pypi sgp4 documentation afspc_mode(boolean): refer pypi sgp4 documentation
Returns: an sgp4 satellite object encapsulating the arguments Return type: Satellite object
-
orbitdeterminator.propagation.sgp4_prop.
propagate_kep
(kep, t0, tf, bstar=2.1109e-05)[source]¶ Propagates a set of keplerian elements.
Parameters: Returns: the position at tf vel(1x3 numpy array): the velocity at tf
Return type: pos(1x3 numpy array)
sgp4_prop_string¶
SGP4 propagator. This is a wrapper around PyPI SGP4 propagator. It constructs an artificial TLE and passes it to the PyPI module.
Utils:¶
kep_state¶
Takes a set of keplerian elements (a, e, i, ω, Ω, v) and transforms it into a state vector (x, y, z, vx, vy, vz) where v is the velocity of the satellite
-
orbitdeterminator.util.kep_state.
kep_state
(kep)[source]¶ Converts the keplerian elements to position and velocity vector
Parameters: kep (numpy array) – a 1x6 matrix which contains the following variables kep(0): semi major axis (km) kep(1): eccentricity (number) kep(2): inclination (degrees) kep(3): argument of perigee (degrees) kep(4): right ascension of the ascending node (degrees) kep(5): true anomaly (degrees) Returns: 1x6 matrix which contains the position and velocity vector r(0),r(1),r(2): position vector (x,y,z) km r(3),r(4),r(5): velocity vector (vx,vy,vz) km/s Return type: numpy array
read_data¶
Reads the positional data set from a .csv file
-
orbitdeterminator.util.read_data.
load_data
(filename)[source]¶ Loads the data in numpy array for further processing in tab delimiter format
Parameters: filename (string) – name of the csv file to be parsed Returns: array of the orbit positions, each point of the orbit is of the format (time, x, y, z) Return type: numpy array
state_kep¶
Takes a state vector (x, y, z, vx, vy, vz) where v is the velocity of the satellite and transforms it into a set of keplerian elements (a, e, i, ω, Ω, v)
-
orbitdeterminator.util.state_kep.
state_kep
(r, v)[source]¶ Converts state vector to orbital elements.
Parameters: - r (numpy array) – position vector
- v (numpy array) – velocity vector
Returns: array of the computed keplerian elements kep(0): semimajor axis (kilometers) kep(1): orbital eccentricity (non-dimensional)
(0 <= eccentricity < 1)
kep(2): orbital inclination (degrees) kep(3): argument of perigee (degress) kep(4): right ascension of ascending node (degrees) kep(5): true anomaly (degrees)
Return type: numpy array
input_transf¶
Converts cartesian co-ordinates to spherical co-ordinates and vice versa
-
orbitdeterminator.util.input_transf.
cart_to_spher
(data)[source]¶ Takes as an input a data set containing points in cartesian format (time, x, y, z) and returns the computed spherical coordinates (time, azimuth, elevation, r)
Parameters: data (numpy array) – containing the cartesian coordinates in format of (time, x, y, z) Returns: array of spherical coordinates in format of (time, azimuth, elevation, r) Return type: numpy array
-
orbitdeterminator.util.input_transf.
spher_to_cart
(data)[source]¶ Takes as an input a data set containing points in spherical format (time, azimuth, elevation, r) and returns the computed cartesian coordinates (time, x, y, z).
Parameters: data (numpy array) – containing the spherical coordinates in format of (time, azimuth, elevation, r) Returns: array of cartesian coordinates in format of (time, x, y, z) Return type: numpy array
rkf78¶
Uses Runge Kutta Fehlberg 7(8) numerical integration method to compute the state vector in a time interval tf
golay_window¶
-
orbitdeterminator.util.golay_window.
window
(error, data)[source]¶ Calculates the constant c which is needed to determine the savintzky - golay filter window window = len(data) / c ,where c is a constant strongly related to the error contained in the data set
Parameters: - error (float) – the a-priori error estimation for each measurment
- data (numpy array) – the positional data set
Returns: constant which describes the window that needs to be inputed to the savintzky - golay filter
Return type:
anom_conv¶
Vectorized anomaly conversion scripts
-
orbitdeterminator.util.anom_conv.
ecc_to_mean
(E, e)[source]¶ Converts eccentric anomaly to mean anomaly.
Parameters: - E (numpy array) – array of eccentric anomalies (in radians)
- e (float) – eccentricity
Returns: array of mean anomalies (in radians)
Return type: numpy array
new_tle_kep_state¶
This module computes the state vector from keplerian elements.
-
orbitdeterminator.util.new_tle_kep_state.
kep_to_state
(kep)[source]¶ This function converts from keplerian elements to the position and velocity vector
Parameters: kep (1x6 numpy array) – kep contains the following variables kep[0] = semi-major axis (kms) kep[1] = eccentricity (number) kep[2] = inclination (degrees) kep[3] = argument of perigee (degrees) kep[4] = right ascension of ascending node (degrees) kep[5] = true anomaly (degrees) Returns: r: 1x6 numpy array which contains the position and velocity vector
r[0],r[1],r[2] = position vector [rx,ry,rz] km r[3],r[4],r[5] = velocity vector [vx,vy,vz] km/s
-
orbitdeterminator.util.new_tle_kep_state.
tle_to_state
(tle)[source]¶ This function converts from TLE elements to position and velocity vector
Parameters: tle (1x6 numpy array) – tle contains the following variables tle[0] = inclination (degrees) tle[1] = right ascension of the ascending node (degrees) tle[2] = eccentricity (number) tle[3] = argument of perigee (degrees) tle[4] = mean anomaly (degrees) tle[5] = mean motion (revs per day) Returns: r: 1x6 numpy array which contains the position and velocity vector
r[0],r[1],r[2] = position vector [rx,ry,rz] km r[3],r[4],r[5] = velocity vector [vx,vy,vz] km/s
teme_to_ecef¶
Converts coordinates in TEME frame to ECEF frame.
-
orbitdeterminator.util.teme_to_ecef.
conv_to_ecef
(coords)[source]¶ Converts coordinates in TEME frame to ECEF frame.
Parameters: coords (nx4 numpy array) – list of coordinates in the format [t,x,y,z] Returns: - list of coordinates in the format
- [t, latitude, longitude, altitude]
Note that these coordinates are with respect to the surface of the Earth. Latitude, longitude are in degrees.
Return type: nx4 numpy array